Why Move to Austin, Texas

Why move to Austin, Texas? Goodbye high school, and welcome to the real world. You may have been spending a couple of years wondering what you’re going to do after high school. Were you going to go to college, or take a year off and work? We all know how teenagers think, their ready to move out and be on their own, do things that they want to do. Well why not try that somewhere else, New York? California? Why not Austin, Texas? Young adults around the ages 18 and 21 should move to Austin, live life on their own, and experience a place they have never seen before.Austin isn’t like any other place; these austinite’s do things their own unique way. Living on your own, and moving to a place you’ve never been before, is probably the hardest thing. You have to worry about getting a job, a place to live, school if that’s what you’re choosing to go there for, and meeting new people. Well I can tell you that Austin has all of that. Yes the saying â₠¬Å"Keep Austin Weird† might have you wondering, but trust me austinites know how to have a good time. The best fit for this age group on finding a place to live would be an apartment. Austin apartments are unique, and have different styles for different people.For the young I believe downtown apartments are more home fitting, walking distance to places, and you get to know Austin more. But if you’re not into the city living, Austin does have some great apartments outside the city. You will still be close to the city, but also see more of Austin besides downtown. All of Austin’s apartments are very reasonable; I believe they are way cheaper then any other state. Compared to a $3,000 apartment in California, apartments in Austin will the battle. With finding places to live you have to have money to pay for it. The next best thing is finding the perfect job.Some people may say Austin is the worst place to find a job, but it really isn’t. At this age youâ€⠄¢re not yet titled to have that office job, or be a business person just yet. So a small simple job will work, I know young adults don’t want to work at a fast food restaurant, so I can help give you ideas of jobs in better places. If you’re choosing to live downtown, there are a lot of stores and restaurants on what Austin calls â€Å"The Drag. † There is the University Co-op, where all the austinites get their Texas Longhorn gear. Tyler’s is also a famous place in Austin.But if you’re looking for work outside the city, there are always basic stores like Best Buy, Whole Foods, stores in the mall etc. If you’re trying to get the Austin vibe, I recommend working down at the drag, you get to see all the â€Å"weird Austin people,† and each day you could learn something knew from someone in Austin. â€Å"If you're ever in Austin and want to see something pretty cool, check out the side of Sound Exchange on the corner of Guadalupe (â₠¬Å"the Drag†) and 21th street. There's a picture of the frog of innocence (â€Å"Hi, how are you? â€Å") and a flying eyeball. † (Johnston. P1) That is one thing Austin is known for.Austin has a unique way of introducing its self to people around the world. Just like the â€Å"Keep Austin Weird† saying, the people are what make Austin a great place to live. You can walk down â€Å"The Drag† and see ten people with Tyler’s shirts on, with Nike shorts, and Tom shoes and people that aren’t from Austin say â€Å"What are they wearing? † Or hearing â€Å"OU Sucks! † when were not even playing them that game. You can’t forget about â€Å"The Music Capital,† Stevie Ray Vaughan made music here. Austin City Limits is one of the most popular events, people around the world come and play for this three day event.Also Marley Fest is another great event. The people in Austin make it fun to live here. You can go to California or New York and you can’t compare austinites to them, they have their own since of style and â€Å"weirdness. † â€Å"This one of a kind place is known to be a laid back city that lives off of life, live music, and Longhorn football! The people of this city take great pride in who they are and where they live, that is one fact that’s stands above all the others. † (Lu. P1) Austin is a great place for young adults, trying to live on their own. It’s friend and family caring, and it’s like your living at your own home.

Factors Leading to Social Illness Among Teenagers Essay

Teenagers nowadays are very different with teenagers before then. Today,teenagers are getting wilder and tend to have more fun than they should.Rotten teenagers smoked, drink alcohols before they reach maturity, goclubbing and partying, have sex before marriage, involved in drugs, and a lotmore unhealthy activities that are not only useless and wasting their time butare also affecting their health. When asked, why do teenagers love this kind of lifestyle, their answerwould be easy, â€Å"Because this is the way teenagers of this era lived†. How sad itis to think about the social ills among teenagers these days. They preferred to be‘in the crowd’ rather than focussing on how to excel brilliantly in theirexaminations.One of the factors of why social ills are getting worse among teenagersthese days is less attention by their parents. This is a major issue. Today’sparents are very busy focussing on their careers until sometimes they seem toforget their responsibilities as parents. Children who feel lonely due to the lack of time spent with their parents will find new ways to live up their life. They start tosmoke, take drugs and socialising. Once they reach adolescence, children startto abuse the freedom that their parents give to them and become a ‘wild child’. Problems happening inside the home could also lead to social ills amongteenagers. Teenagers are easily stressed and depressed with the situation athome. They could be emotionally affected by divorcing of parents, death of family members, pressure by family to maintain good results, and many moreproblems. Because of too much tension, teenagers have the tendency to involvethemselves in the social ills, in order to release their stress and depression.Another factor that also causes the social ills to get worse is the influencesby friends. A teenager may have chosen wrong friends for him. Friends with badreputation and attitude problems will surely influence their friends to join themand have the blast of dating, clubbing, partying, drinking alcohols and manymore social activities that could ruin the innocence of a child. It is very easy toinfluence teenagers on trying new things as at this stage of life, they are still notvery sure of life and have the feeling of wanting to experience every single newthing in life if possible. Therefore, it is very easy to ‘pull’ teenagers into the worldof social ills. This issue must be looked into seriously as young generation of today arethe leaders of tomorrow. How could they lead the country in the future if theycontinue to mingle in social ills which will eventually destroy themselvesphysically and mentally? Serious actions should be taken immediately byparents, teachers, schools, societies and authorities to stop this issue fromgetting worse. Teenagers should be taught the real meaning of life. They need tochange for the sake of better and brighter future of the world.

Concept of oragnizations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concept of oragnizations - Research Paper Example As the economic situation continues to be difficult, organizations will find it difficult in abiding by their budgets. More resources and attention will be needed to manage and run organizations in the near future (Robbins, Campbell, & Judge, 2010). In my view, these are the most significant challenges because the new leaders of organizations are not adequately furnished with techniques, insight, and knowledge necessary for efficiency. Also, without addressing the issue of burnout, organizations may lose valued and experienced workers. Finally, leaders will be faced with difficult choices on how to adequately meeting the budgetary requirements while still strategizing for the future (Brickley, Smith, Zimmerman & Willett, 2000). The employer should permit a vibrant discussion or a healthy debate among people in the organization so as to choose the most appropriate solution to the challenges (Brickley, Smith, Zimmerman & Willett, 2000). I would choose these steps because if they are utilized, they will enhance the probability of successfully enforcing a change attempt. This is because all people will take part in identifying the problem and solution. The model is unworkable because organizations are affected by situations that frequently change over time. Also, an effective organization demands a comprehension of the core components of organizational principles and techniques, which most manages do not posses (Ott, Parkes & Simpson, 2008). Untested presumptions and inability to consider the informal organization force us to rethink classical design. Numerous presumptions made by classical design are not based on scientific examinations. They are based on value decisions that illustrate what they perceive to be correct attitudes and moral codes toward success. They fail to realize workers may have needs unconnected to work situations. Classical design also ignores informal associations as portrayed by

(choose one from the three topices) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(choose one from the three topices) - Essay Example He asserts that human reason is his will, which government and other human institution should put first for better co-existence of the two. On the part of Marx, he argues that human reason should influence the changes that people prefer. He aims at showing that the most important thing in any society is the people. They form the institutions, thus the authorities’ and power rest on people. Freethinking and active emancipation of self conforms to Marx’s view on human reason. On the side of Machiavelli, having lived at a time of political instability, of sheer violence, war torn era characterized by betrayal and blackmail, he sees too little to rely on human reasoning (Machiavelli 25). He concludes human reason as wicked and merely a push for self-satisfaction. This paper will bring out the position of human reasoning according to the three personalities and its influence on government, property, and labor. Nicollo Machiavelli’s philosophy on human reason describes man as a fickle, unreliable creature. One should not trust his reasoning. He is content to dismiss men as a sad lot that will lie, cheat, and steal if this has benefit on them. Look at the issue of governance, Machiavelli believes that whoever comes to power is from the ordinary men. He is a prince who works his way out of the common lot of deceivers in the society. His reasoning is not far off, the lot which he was part of. Men reasoning according to Machiavelli are rich in qualities, which bring him praise or fame. Since the ruler in power or the prince is a man, he will exhibit the same reasoning behavioral to his subjects (Machiavelli 41). Thus, man is an indecisive creature. Machiavelli seems to argue that man cannot govern himself, and cannot subject a prince to conform to his reasoning. As a prince, one should put on remarkable qualities on public and wise enough not to expose his weaknesses to his subjects. If a prince depicts false strong character, then his people’ s reasoning will conclude he is indeed a good prince. By this notion, Machiavelli neglects the importance of human reasonin

Concept Paper- Research Method, Measurement, and Summary sections Assignment

Concept Paper- Research Method, Measurement, and Summary sections - Assignment Example This has been attributed to societal aspects that predispose men to solicit for sex justifiably. In an effort to curb and eliminate sex trafficking, demand for services accrued from exploitation of sex trafficking victims has been identified as crucial point of focus for mitigation and intervention strategies. The reason for this is previous and current strategies directed at combating sex trafficking, which proved to have been one sided. The point is major intervention strategies have been directed at the supply side of sex trafficking, which leaves a gap in knowledge and data regarding aspects that drive sex trafficking on the demand side. This paper is aimed at highlighting the proposed research methods that reflect an applied study goal and demonstrate validity within the context of the chosen research design and overall scientific rigor. The research methods used within the framework of this study require a multi-faceted approach to facilitate the comprehensive gathering of data that is relevant and significant to demand reduction in sex trafficking. This requires research of the demand for sex trafficking to take on a mixed approach when applying methodology and intervention strategies. ... The research methods should also guarantee the validity of research study, which involves the correspondence between the measure and the thought or concept it is meant to measure (Moustakas, 2001). According to Moustakas (2001), comparability of the research study’s results and data should guarantee their external validity. Qualitative research methods facilitate the uncovering of intricate aspects of people’s experiences with sex trafficking. In particular, this method can be used to acquire data on the specific factors that determine and influence demand for sex trafficking (Bernstein, 2001). Qualitative research methods are ideal in uncovering societal factors that justify men’s foray into the world of sex trafficking, where they serve as the primary drive of the demand for sex trafficking. The stereotypes established in society that justify men’s foray and soliciting for commercial sex services can be evaluated and investigated through qualitative rese arch methods (Bernstein, 2001). Quantitative research methods enable the analysis and measurement of data (Moustakas, 2001). It makes it possible for researchers to separately evaluate independent and dependent variables in detail being applicable in hypothesis applied within the framework of experiments. Research into ending demand for sex trafficking should take into account that evaluation and investigations involve hidden portions of the population. Thus, research methodologies applied should be designed to address these circumstances and anticipate challenges that are going to be encountered due to this aspect. Hidden populations are individuals whose size and boundaries are unknown, and for whom no sampling frame exists (Moustakas, 2001). Qualitative methods require definitive

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has been linked closely with the Essay

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has been linked closely with the development of addiction and vulnerability to addiction relapse. Your task is to describe - Essay Example In order to elucidate the link mentioned in the title of the paper and to delve deep into the connections to be discussed, one must first explore the ‘meaning’ and to what the title represents as Stuart Hall states: Meaning is important and extremely necessary to communicate the understanding of general terms, and is, in this case, important to represent a connection which will be theorised further into the paper. Basically (and by ‘basically’ the general idea is implied), stress is a state of mind which depicts the fact that something would have caused strain and strain being responsible for the production of stress that we feel mentally and physically another way to define it would be: An example of stress and its interrelation to the mind and the body, would be to consider stress as a psychological value and then evaluate what could the outcomes be in physical form, for instance chronic stress could cause physical effects to the body in the form of fatigue or could cause the changes in physiological processes which could in turn cause the change in the blood chemistry and lead to a weaker immune system hence the physical or the biological (to be more precise) effect of a psychological function: stress. Likewise, stress can be caused by biological variables as in toxins, loud noise or drugs. Hence the relation; been established between stress and the way it interacts with the brain in a ‘superficial form’, one can proceed to discuss the link between Stress and Addiction and later on; stress and addictive behaviour. What we observe from our society and even the media is the fact that various ‘addictions’ have surfaced in this modern era. Be it drugs or other substance, be it behavioural or be it anything we feel we must keep on doing in a repetitive manner and involves the feeling of euphoria, for a part. What remains important is not the information ‘about’ stress but how

I have placed the title in the assighnment criteria below Essay

I have placed the title in the assighnment criteria below - Essay Example t, tort and restitution is sometimes said to be based on the nature of the remedies available in relation to each, and in particular the measure of damages.’ The concept of contract was established in the nineteenth century, which prompted the development of a body of associated laws generally known as the Classical law of Contracts. â€Å"The common law of torts originated in a rural society, where the centralized justice was being born.† 1 The Law of Contract is oriented around the idea of ‘Freedom of Contract’, probably due to the influence of the laissez faire economy existent in the 19th century. "The classical school reflects the priorities of its age, which greatly valued free enterprise, private autonomy and laissez-faire approach to economic activity." 2 With the increase in industrialization, it was realized that a separate set of regulations to regulate a business needed to be developed. The court and the law on the other hand would only intervene for settling any kind of disputes. Hence the parties signing a contract would be governed by a set of rationalistic principles and the resultant transactions woul d eventually benefit both the parties as well as the society. The Law of Torts comes into play when there’s a wrongful interference with the rights in a contract. Therefore, whenever a person intentionally breaches a contract between two parties, it’s said that a tort is committed. When a person becomes the subject of legal damages, he or she is liable to be compensated for the damages done. "Under the tort system, a person who has injured himself has no right to compensation." 3 In tort law, the person who’s committed the offence is called the plaintiff and generally, the Law of Torts covers intentional acts as well as accidents. Here’s a simple example which demonstrate the Law of Torts: Suppose Roger and Pete are playing golf, and suddenly a shot by Pete hits Roger. Roger can now sue Pete for losses such as pain or medical treatment

Service Contracting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Service Contracting - Essay Example There is a need to create methods that allow tools to rationalize about service contracts concerning their value. Feasibility analyzes help to unravel mainly and reasonably the merits and demerits of an up and running business or prospective business project, opportunities and risks existing in the setting. According to Kelly (2010), feasibility analysis helps present a chronological data of a business venture, brief account of the product or service, account statements, data of the activities and managerial aspects. Also, it helps present legal obligations including economic and tax information. Over and above, the efficacy of feasibility analyzes entails measuring the businesss prospective success. In this regard, an objective report gives the potential investors a chance to make correct decisions. The contractor selection process, which results in the awarding of construction contracts, is a significant factor in the building and construction industry. Many legal guidelines require that contractor selection process begin with a public advertisement where all the candidates submit their bids (Savas, 2005). These contracts can be granted via direct selection of informal competitive bidding process or negotiated contracting. The best practice techniques for administering a service contract entails adopting methods that institutions can use in establishing mistakes in the purchasing, managing and administering service contracts (Kelly, 2010). The best practices are actual approaches that institutions can use to boost the procurement process. Above all, best practice techniques entail to specific institutional procedures, standard, budget and time limits. In order to have a service contract objective, the public must be protected. This is because of the probability of acquiring poor quality service, elements of underperformance or failure concerns that can easily put the members of the public in

Modern Education Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Modern Education Thought - Essay Example Little (1995), believes that the main aim of â€Å"the autonomy is to equip learners to play an active role in participatory democracy† (p. 176). Benson (2008) agrees with Little when he says, â€Å"because the concept of autonomy in learning draws its meaning from the concept of personal autonomy, it is centrally concerned with the kind of learning that best helps people to lead autonomous lives† (p. 4). Here it confirms that autonomy revolves round individual freedom and human rights to facilitate him/her for making their choices and it is a lifelong process. In the broader sense the learner autonomy enable the person to lead autonomous life. The prominence of autonomy is to create a sense of human dignity. We should be autonomous individuals and autonomy for learning is an essential part of attaining our personal autonomy. An autonomous individual rely on himself/herself while living an independent life which is responsible for his or her own actions rather than blam ing others. To give support to our understanding it is important to know the aims and purpose of education. The main aim of education can be achieved if the person follows the autonomy of learning. According to aim of education envisioned by Piaget, ‘children acquire moral values in the same way they acquire knowledge--by constructing beliefs internally through interaction with the environment.’(Constance, 1982).He pointed out the importance of mutual respect to develop autonomy. The Piaget’s theory postulates as how the cognitive development of an individual focuses on the surroundings and the concepts that are conceived from these factors directly impacts ones learning. It brings in the thought to change... Paul Friere is the famous literacy educationist from Brazil who came up with the principles of critical pedagogy.He referred to the cycle of bringing the issues of the daily life, involving the knowledgeable level of the student and moving to action and then leading to reflection. The students shall know to â€Å"read the world through the word†. The Critical pedagogy is the study of oppression in education based on the issues and questions rose in sexuality, colonialism and how it will shape in nature and the purpose of education. In simple terms critical pedagogy is the way, how teacher asking ‘why’ is simple and the students freely asking the same way as ‘why am I learning this’ has to be executed. â€Å"Revolutionary critical pedagogy operates from an understanding that the basis of education is political and that spaces need to be created where the students can imagine a different world outside of capitalism’s law of value†¦where pat riarchal hierarchies of oppression can be ended†. The idea of autonomy is to understand the responsibility and be judgmental while taking the decision and development of rationality according to the changing situation. Marxism has made a mark on its own all over the world. Marxism was followed by the Brazilian Educator Paulo Freire. In his book of Pedagogy of Oppressed mentioned that â€Å"education makes sense because women and men learn that through learning they can make and remake themselves.

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 4

Law - Essay Example l effect or used in the United Kingdom shall be recognised and available in law, and be enforced, allowed and followed accordingly; and the expression enforceable Community right and similar expressions shall be read as referring to one to which this subsection applies.†1 Essentially, Section 2(1) ensures that in the event there is a conflict between EC law and UK law, the former prevails. In other words EC law confers upon Bill and Jim â€Å"directly enforceable laws† within the UK.2 It was also held in Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen that the EC represents a â€Å"new legal order† which binds all Member States. 3 To this end, there are three systems of law within the EC that determine Bill and Jim’s right to take action against the UK for personal injuries incurred as a result of their failure to implement Directive 2007/15/EC by the due date. The three systems of law are primary legislation which encompasses EC Treaties, secondary legislation which are Directives and regulations and the third source of law is Decisions.4 Bill and Jim’s claim for personal injuries will fall under the application of secondary injuries since the claim is directly related to a Directive issued by the Council of Ministers and the European Parliament. Directives require official enactment by Member States but they are nonetheless binding on all Member States.5 In fact Article 249 of the Treaty of Rome 1957 provides that Directives are binding on all Member States â€Å"which it is addressed.†6 Although the UK has a discretion as to how to implement the Directive on the phasing out of chalkboard, the Directive remains applicable under UK law once the date for implementation passes. The fact that the UK’s safety regulations adequately deal with the main objectives of the Directive does not weaken the application of the Directive.7 In Publico Ministero v Ratti [1979] ECR it was held that as a result of Article 189 (now article 249) of the

Homemade Plastic Baggy Ice Cream Essay Example for Free

Homemade Plastic Baggy Ice Cream Essay Ever really want ice cream but did not feel like going out to get it? Now you can make it at home with no ice cream maker needed to make it. Ice cream is surprisingly easy to make yourself. It is also a fun yet quick process. There are only a few steps in creating this delicious, loved, cold treat. All you need is a few ingredients and to shake, shake, shake! The first thing you will need to do is gather all of the items that you need. To make plastic baggy ice cream you will need the following; sugar, half and half, salt; rock salt works best, vanilla, ice cubes; enough to fill half of the gallon size bag, one pint size Ziploc bag, and one gallon size Ziploc bag. After all of your items are gathered, the sugar, half and half, and salt will all have to be measured out. You will need two tablespoons of sugar, a half teaspoon of vanilla, one cup of half and half, and a half a cup of salt. Once everything is gathered, measured, and ready to go, it is time to get started adding everything together. The first thing you will want to do is open your small, pint size plastic baggy. Next you will want to combine your sugar with the half and half and vanilla all in the plastic bag. Once everything is in the baggy, make sure it is closed and sealed tight. Afterwards, you will need to get the gallon size bag ready. Open your gallon Ziploc bag and fill it about half full with ice. Once the ice is in the baggy, add the half cup of salt right into the gallon bag, over the ice. Before you close your bag, place the sealed, pint size bag in along with the salt and ice. When the pint size bag has been placed into the gallon size, seal the gallon size back tight. After everything is combined into the right baggies and they are sealed tight, it is time to shake. It should take about five minutes or so of continuous shaking to start seeing the difference of the liquid turning into the solid. You want to shake the gallon size bag really well until you can feel the mixture of things in the pint size bag starting to get ice cream textured. Immediately following the shaking of the bag and the pint size bag is starting to harden, carefully open the gallon size bag. Make sure to open the bag carefully because you do not want the ice falling out. Once you have opened the bag, pull the pint size bag out of the gallon size bag. Your ice cream is now ready to eat! You will usually have a single serve size or two serving sizes. In the end, you can add whatever mixings you want to; sugars, sprinkles, chocolate sauce, etcetera. Making ice cream at home is not hard at all and there are only a couple of supplies needed in order to do so! Furthermore, making plastic bag ice cream is a great activity to do especially with kids! It is a fun way to get your children and their friends involved with making their own ice cream and learning measurements. It is a very simple activity. It also gives you a free, all access pass to the delicious treat you love, as well as an easy clean up! All there is to do in the end is simple, dump the ice out of the gallon baggy and throw both bags out.

Egypt and Mesopotamia Essay Example for Free

Egypt and Mesopotamia Essay Almost all things have its identified origin. The society that presently exists also has its beginnings that could be rooted from the ancient civilization. These civilizations became the foundation of the modern world that is presently observable. Two of the most notable ancient civilizations are that of Egypt and Mesopotamia. The Egyptian civilization progress in one of the largest arid desert areas in the world that is even larger than the whole Europe. This became possible due to the River Nile that crosses a nearly rainless desert from south to north that carries the waters of Lake Victoria as far as 3,000 miles of the Mediterranean Sea. In relation with Egypt’s strategic location, its organization is not simply attributed from the need of a collective effort to survive but rather they have developed into a progressive civilization through the sophisticated utilization of their natural resources. They were able to wisely use their resources in order to establish agricultural living through their invention of the irrigation system. Being the case, they were able to establish a strong livelihood through the trade of agricultural products that becomes the basis for their social development and culture. The Egyptian dominance was further enhanced by their creation of an independent writing system, construction projects as well as a military that defeated foreign invaders. Nevertheless, the decline of this civilization could be attributed to the faults of succeeding pharaohs who have abused their power and exploited their people. On the other hand, ancient Mesopotamia also known as the â€Å"land between two rivers† which is the alluvial plain of Tigris and Euphrates also has its own story on how it developed into a civilization. Similar to ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia also has abundant natural resources, which enable them to develop their agricultural sector. They also invented their own form of irrigation to aid them in planting agricultural products. However, they failed to develop their agricultural sector in order to establish trade with other lands. This is due to the varying climate that affects the steady supply of goods that would sustain trade like that of Egypt. Mesopotamia also has their form of writing and architectural skills. Nevertheless, they are more recognized in terms of their arts especially in the creation of pottery. Likewise, Mesopotamia also has the same form of government like Egypt. Their ruler is a king that has almost similar powers to a pharaoh and they also have their subordinates. Moreover, the greatest weakness of this civilization is that it greatly relied in slaving and exploiting common people in order to develop their civilization. Similar to Egypt, Mesopotamia’s failure to establish a kind of governance that gives importance to common people is its greatest weakness. The above discussions show that these ancient civilizations have their respective strengths and weaknesses. The factors that characterized ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia also became the basis for their comparison, which makes their similarities and differences observable. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kemp, Barry J. Ancient Egypt. New York: Routledge, 2006. Pollock, Susan. Mesopotamia. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Relationship between competitive sport and self esteem

Relationship between competitive sport and self esteem The present study examined the relationship between competitive sport and self esteem. The sample included both female and male participants who were divided into two groups, athletes (N=20) and non-athletes (N=20) An athlete was defined as an individual between the ages of 15-25 years old who was currently involved in organized competitive figure skating for at least 10 hours per week. A non-athlete was defined as an individual between the ages of 15-25 years old who was not currently involved in organized, competitive skating for at least 10 hours per week. The measures used in this study were Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (1981), for all participants to measure their self esteem. In addition, the figure skaters athletic identity was evaluated by using the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale developed by Brewer et al. (1993). The global hypothesis was that competitive sport would have a negative impact on the individuals and that there would be a significant difference in self esteem scores between the athletes and non-athletes. More specifically it was hypothesized that the athletes would present trends as to why their self-esteem was lower than th e non-athletes. Results of the independent t Tests refuted the hypothesis that there would be a significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. Sport is commonly defined as an organized, competitive and skillful physical activity requiring commitment and fair play. It is practiced all over the world in different countries. A competitive athlete is proficient in their sport and dedicates their time and money to competition and training. A competitive athlete is someone who has competed in organized, competitive figure skating sport for more than 10 hours per week. Competitive athletes can fall under the amateur level (college and university) or the professional level (not attending school). Being a competitive athlete involves time, dedication and hard work. It involves being at the rink, tennis court or pool all the time. To simultaneously develop a career in competitive sport and commitment to education, work and personal life is not easy today as it was a few years ago (Bussmann,1995). This challenge will become more difficult in the future because the competitive calendar is becoming more demanding each year. (Bussmann, 1995). A career in competitive sport is only possible if an athlete commits themselves to hard work, dedication, training, and a tight time structure with their competition season. Coakley (1992) found that a major aspect that leads athletes to experience feelings of entrapment included identity development, self esteem and life balance issues. If athletes have more facets to their personal identity that just sport, they are less likely to burnout. It is important for athletes to have a healthy balance. Focusing too much on any given sport can lead to feelings of hopelessness, failure and resentment to their sport. A healthy balance is the ultimate goal in an athletes life. Despite the importance of a healthy balance in an athletes life, Orlick and Partington (1988) pointed out that the key to elite athleticism was a total commitment to pursuing excellence. This total commitment to sport was found to be the distinguishing factor between successful and unsuccessful competitive athletes. Therefore, in order to achieve or maintain athletic success, an athlete must sacrifice this healthy balance to capitalize on their physical talents. Self esteem is an example of a sacrifice some athletes experience, to attain success. Often athletes push themselves so hard, that failure or lack of perfectionism can negatively affect their self esteem. Athletes are especially vulnerable to this problem of attaching self-esteem to ones performances because they are judged by how well they perform. This is specifically evident in figure skating, where participants are constantly judges by their coaches in practices, judges in competitions, and themselves almost daily. However, society sends subtle signals that they must achieve in their sport to feel worthy as a person and that is the trap that many athletes fall into. In addition, if an athlete is a perfectionist, it can further affect their self-esteem because they have such high expectations and are always so critical and hard on themselves. If athletes fall into this trap, their emotions, and how they feel about themselves, are heavily influenced by the perceptions of their perf ormance, which can naturally vary from day to day. Your self esteem may fluctuate based on performance or practices. Although previous research has investigated the psychological effects of competitive sport, few studies have examined competitive figure skaters and their self esteem. The research area studied was sport psychology, and the topics were athletes, non-athletes and self esteem. A subtopic measured was athletic identity. The global hypothesis was that competitive sport would have a negative impact on the individuals and that there would be a significant different in self esteem scores between the athletes and non-athletes. More specifically it was hypothesized that the athletes would present trends as to why their self-esteem was lower than the non-athletes. Conceptual Framework The main theory behind the study was the need for research. More research was required on competitive figure skaters and self esteem, as figure skating can produce high fluctuations of self esteem. Theory plays a large part in my study because the ideas behind my theory came from personal experiences as an athlete. I have a close personal connection to my study, as I was once a competitive figure skater, who was immersed in the sport and identified quite strongly with the athlete role. When I retired, I experienced low self-esteem and identity foreclosure. Attempts were made in the study, to see if there were similarities between my experiences as a competitive figure skater and my participants. The study was both descriptive and explanatory in nature. I attempted to describe my data and explain why and how it happened. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data obtained through the surveys. It was explanatory in nature and I attempted to explain my findings and why self esteem affected competitive athletes. An attempt was made to understand of why competitive sport affects athletes so strongly, specifically self-esteem. My paradigm and perspective was post-positivist and deductive. I developed a hypothesis and set out to prove it with my data. I attempted to produce factual information through my survey research, however I still had a personal connection to the topic. Literature Review Self Esteem Self-esteem reflects a persons overall evaluation or appraisal of his or her own image, perception. The term self-esteem encompasses beliefs and emotions such as triumph, despair, pride and shame. A persons low self-esteem may be reflected in their behaviour, such as shyness, or caution. Self Esteem and the Competitive Athlete In a study done by Koivula (2002), 30 Swedish elite athletes were assessed on their self esteem and perfectionism levels. It was concluded that the setting of high standards is an integral part of elite sports, and often beneficial for the athletes performance. However, individuals who suffer from perfectionism may have heightened levels of anxiety, due to discrepancies between ideal and current self/situation. This could, of course be detrimental to their sport performance. The differences cited between athletes and non-athletes in self-esteem in the Huddy and Cash (1997) study were based on comparing athletes involved in individual sports (running and swimming) to a group of non-athletes. Therefore, it may be the case that individual-sport athletes benefit more from participation in physical activity than do those athletes involved in group-type sports when it comes to having a positive effect on self- esteem. This could also be detrimental to their self-esteem because an individual sport requires extreme mental toughness, concentration, pressure and a much higher degree of accountability. Most research hasnt focused on figure skaters, their self-esteem and the impacts of this competitive sport. There is a definite need for research in this area, because figure skating demands psychological and mental strength from an athlete. The present study will add to the work done by Hall and Durborow (1986) and Frost (2005) who studied self esteem in high school college athletes, with Hall and Durborow, studying specifically female athletes. These studies failed to include figure skaters as a competitive sport. It is hoped that from the present study that some insight will be found on if and why figure skaters suffer from low self-esteem and future research may come from it. Athlete Identity Most research done on athletic identity was done in the early twentieth century. Identity answers the question Who am I? Athlete identity is the degree to which an individual identifies with an athlete role. (Brewer, et al) Sense of self is the realization and knowledge of who you are as a person; athletes might know who they are and define themselves through sport. Having a strong sense of self is important in shaping your identity. Brewer, Van Raalte, and Linder developed the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) and tested it with college students (athletes and non-athletes). They tested based on a rating scale handed out in the form of a survey. Athletic identity differences between males and females were tested and in three studies, they found that males had a significantly higher athletic identity than females. The researchers reasoned that American society places a greater emphasis on sport for males than for females. Coakley (1990), supported this finding with his analysis that girls are less likely to learn that physical activities and achievements in sport can or should be uniquely important sources of rewards in their lives. If girls do not receive as many rewards for their participation in sports, they are less likely to develop a strong athletic identity. (Coakley, 1990) Athletes who are more immersed in their role in sport will identify themselves with more certainty than others (Adler, 1991). Forty college basketball players competitive in their sport were tested by Adler and Adler (1991) and were found to identify themselves as student-athletes. This is a common identification among college athletes and is a desirable status symbol with a strong sense of belonging and self esteem. Those with a very strong athletic identity tend to interpret events, such performance and practice sessions, in terms of how it affects their athletic involvement. A strong athletic identity tends to increase an individuals commitment to sport, but those with an exclusive athletic identity tend to have emotional difficulties when they had performances or their competitive careers end. Those with a strong athletic identity spend more time with teammates and coaches who further strengthen their athletic identity. These were findings done in a recent study by Horton and Mac k (2000). Alpine skiers were tested and viewed in conjunction with other aspects of ones self-concept, that athletic identity plays a significant role in understanding ones cognitive structure and social role composition. (Horton, 2000) However, if an athlete exclusively identifies with the athletic role, he/she has an increased risk of experiencing a severe emotional disruption during a career transition One very interesting study previously conducted involved identity and athletic retirement. It is the most recent and relevant study done that relates to my own intended research. The study was conducted by Lally (2007), to examine the relationship between identity and athletic retirement using a longitudinal, prospective design. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with three males and three female university student competitive athletes at three times: at the outset of their last season of competition, approximately 1 month after their retirement, and approximately 1 year later. The results revealed that the participants committed themselves strongly to their athletic goals and anticipated disrupted identities upon retirements. The study concludes that the redefinition of self long before sport career termination may protect ones identify during this transition process. (Lally, 2007) The Importance of Sport Sport is a great way to get involved and stay active and healthy. Evidence has shown that there are significant benefits to participating in sport. For example in a study done with high school students states that extra-curricular sport participation throughout high school is a good predictor of having a good job with autonomy at the age of 24 (Eccles, 2003). This study looked at sport and youth development and shows only the impact of sport at a high school level. Sport is a social process and involves engaging with others and meeting new people. Many important relationships are formed in sport and an athlete often forms relationships solely within their sport. Athlete-coach, athlete-athlete and athlete-parent are examples of important relationships developed in the sport environment (Jowett, 2006). These examples were studied by Jowett among Olympic medalists, who trained very hard and fall under the competitive athlete category. Sport can positively affect a persons self esteem and give them a sense of satisfaction. A study done by Findlay and Bowker (2009) explored specific aspects of sports and individuals on 4 levels (physical competence and physical appearance self-concept, global physical and general self-esteem). Three hundred and fifty one adolescents were studied from elite sports and regular school classrooms. Participants were separated into group based on sports participation (elite athletes, competitive athletes, and non-athletes). The level of athleticism was found to be positively related to physical competence and appearance self-concept and general self-esteem. (Findlay, 2009) This study is a positive indicator as to why people compete and identity with sports. Unfortunately this study was very large and broad and therefore wasnt overly clear and concise. Competition and Sport Competition is a large part of sport and involves a direct comparison of performance against others or ones own goals. Sport needs to have goals or the outcomes seem meaningless. Athletes are driven to achieve goals and improve on performance. Competitors enjoy winning. This simply put is the driving force behind competitive sport and athletes. There is a joy from accomplishment and an intrinsic value with competing and performing at your best. A competitive athlete trains day after day to perform their best when the day of competition arrives. Although many athletes see positive effects from competition, there are also are many negative side effects to competitive sport. Competition can be difficult from a practical standpoint because it doesnt, contrary to public belief, improve performance, creativity or productivity. It can also be psychologically detrimental because it leads to anxiety, lower self-esteem and dependence on external evaluation (Kohn, 1992). This was argued in Alfie Kohns (1992) book, No Contest: the Case against Competition. However athletes still pursue further training and dedicate themselves to becoming a competitive athlete. It is also the love of their sport that drives them to continue to train ha rd and push themselves to be the very best. Athletes often become so involved and immersed in their sport that training and competing becomes an everyday routine and way of life, therefore identifying with the sport. The sense of accomplishment and pride that comes with winning a prize or medal is huge. There is no greater feeling in the world. To obtain this feeling, athletes often have to push themselves to the point of psychological impact. With success, comes sacrifice, often affecting self-esteem and confidence. Production of the Competitive Athlete For athletes in highly competitive sports, discipline and dedication are required to pursue excellence in sport. Success depends on multiple factors an athlete must strive to work towards in order to gain maximum results. Coaches and athletes understand that repetitive training and immersion in practice drills will develop the athletes skills necessary to perform well and to reach their goals. A large part of sport involves mental toughness, focus and concentration. Concentration and determination and focus are often the deciding factors in the outcome of athletic competition (Nideffer R. ., 2001). Regardless of the specific sport, attention and concentration are essential for success. These were findings by Nideffer and Sagal (2001) in their study done with elite skiers. They found that attention and control are keys to becoming successful athletes. The more concentrated and focused on a sport an athlete is, the greater the results will be. Continuing success at an elite level requires athletes to devote more time to their sport and focus their entire life on training, managing specific diets, maintaining fitness levels and preparation and focus for competitions. Competitive athletes who tend to spend more time immersed in the sport, will get transformed, and often identify themselves strongly as an athlete. As the competitive athlete devotes more of their life involved in their sport their ability to identify with that sport becomes increasingly evident (Horton, 2000). Significant life changes can happen in competitive sport. As the world of sport gets faster, stronger and more successful, the demands from training and performance increase. Psychological Impact of Competitive Sport Injuries are on example of why self-esteem may be lower in competitive athletes. Some research has been done to date on the psychological effects from an injury however within the last decade; the main physiological dimensions of sport injury to the exclusion of psychological dimensions have been looked at in detail (Petitpas, 1995). *** injuries with figure skaters In an argument and analysis done by Cupal (1998), from Utah State University, psychological interventions are needed when an athlete suffers from an injury. Most of this article focuses on what needs to be done and what has been done in the past with post injury psychological testing and intervention of athletes. More work is needed on illustrating how an athletes injury affects their sense of self and identity. The mind is very powerful and can be greatly affected by injury (Cupal, 1998). In a study done by Johnston and Carroll (2000); looked at the variation of psychological impact of injury based on sport. It was mentioned that to date there are only 4 published reports of sports involvement as a factors of injury (Johnston and Carroll, 2000). They also concluded that the more involved an athlete is within their sport the greater negative impact, and injury will have psychologically. This study was completed by giving them questionnaires, highlighting which sport they were involved in, training regimens and post injury effects. It was an important study because it showed more competitive athletes having experienced the greatest hardships when an injury happens. It also gave the reader an indicator of which sport-related injuries have the greatest psychological impact. Mental toughness and focus are contributing factors of success in sport. Sports psychology has a distant role in the acceptance and recovery of athletic injuries. Stress-related factors are the most common among psychological factored to influence an injury. (Anderson Williams, Psychological risk factors : Injury prediction and preventive measures, 1998) They developed a theory on psychological factors that contribute to injuries. They vaguely show how injuries can develop from stress, depression, lack of motivation, but fail to show how the mind is affected when the injury occurs. An athletes recovery can be vastly influenced by their mental ability to cope. After an injury the brain goes through psychological reactions to what has just happened. The five stage process includes denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance (Hardy, 1990). This five stage process fails to consider athlete identity after injury. There are four other psychological reactions associated with athletic injuries. Identity loss, fear and anxiety, lack of confidence and performance decrements are all part of the minds way of dealing or reacting to what has happened (Petitpas, 1995). Figure Skating as a Competitive Sport For the purpose of the present study figure skating will be the competitive sport of choice. Figure skating is the epitome of all things sport. Athletes must have the stamina of both a short and long distance runner, strength of a hockey player and the grace of an equestrian rider. Figure skating offers its participants unparalleled opportunity to achieve personal success, fitness and strength. The competitive figure skating experience lends itself to the acquisition of life skills including determination, mental toughness, focus and respect. Figure skating teaches good, wholesome values, commitment, the pursuit of excellence, healthy competition, resources and health and well being. Achieving excellence demands a lot of time, most competitive figure skaters are at the rink 10-15 hours per week depending on age and achievement level desired. Their training regimens include on-ice training, off- ice conditioning workouts, ballet classes and nutrition and psychology seminars among othe r demands. Figure skating is primarily an individual sport. Unlike more traditional sports, figure skaters do not have teammates to rely on for social and athletic support, and they alone are responsible for their competitive outcomes. Thus, figure skaters may experience considerable pressure and performance anxiety than athletes in other sports. Figure skating requires its athletes to make sacrifices that are not required of athletes in many other sports. One such example is the significant financial investment for the athlete by his or her family, and the expenses are much greater than those incurred in many other sports. The cost of a pair of skates alone ranges from a minimum of $500 for relatively low level boots and blades to well over $1,000. Practice time, private instruction, off-ice training, practice apparel, routine equipment maintenance, music editing, competition entrance fees, competition apparel, and travel fees are all additional costs. This financial burden can negatively impact a figure skater into constantly feeling pressure to give 100 percent all the time and achieve considerable success. A figure skaters social life can be majorly impacted by the demands of this competitive sport. Figure skaters often have inconvenient times for practice, such as very early in the morning and in the early afternoon. In order to make these practice times, many figure skaters have shortened school schedules that allow them to leave school early. At the Mariposa School of Skating in Barrie, Ontario there is a co-op program that allows figure skaters to obtain school credits while skating. However, this also eliminates times where students generally socialize with peers, such as lunch and recess. Practice schedules may also prevent figure skaters from becoming involved in school-based extracurricular activities, which frequently have meetings before and after school, eliminating another potential setting for peer interaction for figure skaters. Finally, figure skaters often are required to get up very early in the morning for practices. This also leaves little time for socialization with friends after school, as early morning practice requires skaters to go to sleep earlier than their non-skating friends. Other than that, figure skaters often devote what time they have left, to dinner and homework. Figure skating can be tied into self esteem and sense of self-worth. Some competitive figure skaters may suffer from a foreclosed identity status. According to Marcia (1966), identity foreclosed individuals solely identify with their sport and fail to explore any other possible identities. The training demands leave little time to explore potential identity options specifically other sports or interests. Frequently, early and mid-adolescents make identity decisions based on their peers and significant others (Kroger, 2007). For figure skaters, there are few opportunities available to interact with and identify with peers and significant others other than fellow figure skaters. Studies done on self-worth and self-esteem has shown that there are numerous dimensions of self-esteem that can contribute to an individuals overall sense of self worth (Harter, Waters, Whitesell, 1998), and that the dimensions of self-esteem most valued by the individual are the best predictors of his or her overall sense of self-worth (Harter et al., 1998). The athletic identity measurement scale by Brewer (1993) further supports this as many studies have confirmed that the higher the immersion in their sport, the higher the athletes identifies with it. Often with competitive athletes their self-esteem and identity are tied into their athletic accomplishments and with each new accomplishment, comes new, higher expectations (Blansett Blansett, 2002) The task of controlling body changes during adolescence and early adulthood may be especially difficult for figure skaters. The increases in height, body fat, and weight distribution that accompany adolescent development in females (Kroger, 2007) may be especially detrimental for figure skaters because these biological changes greatly impact a skaters ability to perform jumps and spins. The addition of body fat not only makes it more difficult for skaters to get the height necessary to complete rotations in their jumps, but changes in weight distribution can affect their timing and balance. Some studies like (Stoutjesdyk Jevne, 1993; Sundgot-Borgen, 1994), suggest that athletes are at increased risk especially female athletes are at risk for eating disorders. Sports that have major aesthetic components such as gymnastics, cheerleading, ballet, diving and figure skating (Brooks-Gunn, Burrow, Warren, 1988; DiBartolo Shaffer, 2002; Reel Gill, 1996; Sundgot-Borgen, 1994) may have hig her eating disorder rates than others. Skaters are concerned about appearance, have lower than recommended daily caloric intake and often engage in caloric restriction due to dietary advice from nutritionists and coaches. A study done by Monsma and Molina (2004), investigated figure skaters and presented a profile of eating disorder risk; comparing different variables. Analyses indicated that the Body Mass Index (BMI) was the most robust biological variable for subsequent analyses. BMIs among skaters were lower when compared to other athletes and individuals. The present study will attempt to garner similar results in the qualitative sections of the questionnaire. The role an athlete assumes in figure skating can be important in affecting their self worth and self esteem. The Charter for Competitors lists the following duties and responsibilities of all sport competitors: must abide by both the laws and spirit of their sport, must accept the decisions of umpires and referees without question or protestation, must not cheat and in particular must not attempt to prove their performance by the use of drugs, must exercise self control at all times, must accept success and failure, victory and defeat with good grace and without excessive display of emotion, and must treat opponents and fellow participants with due respect at all times (Kew, 1997). The role of the figure skater requires the athlete to be responsible for his or her skating; their behavior, their fate and no one can do it for them. All of these responsibilities can be negatively damaging on a competitive figure skater. There is so much pressure on competitive figure skaters and without intense training and dedication, skills and achievements decline. Figure skaters repeatedly apply huge amounts of pressure onto their bodies, sometimes without success. Sometimes athletes will try so hard to achieve success, but at times, can fail. Fear of pain and failure are both paramount psychological challenges for athletes (Shogun, 1999) Fear of failure can also lead to decreased self esteem and self worth. Methodology Instruments Athletic Identity Measurement Scale The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a 10-item quantitative inventory measuring the level of athletic identity. It is designed to measure the degree in which an athlete identifies themselves with their sport. The Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS) is a tool that assisted in the study. To examine the athletic identity of athletes, Brewer, Van Raalte, and Linder (1993) developed the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Brewer Cornelius (2001) have since developed the most recent version of the scale. (B. . Brewer, 343) this scale will be used to ask questions and for participants of my study to complete upon which additional open ended questions will be added. (See attached appendix) This scale is a highly validated scale, used in past research to measure athletic identity. Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (1978) The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI; Coopersmith, 1989) was designed to measure the respondents attitudes toward self in personal, social, family, and academic areas of experience. The original Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory was developed for children. In the present study, a modified version developed by Dr. M.B. Ryden was used for adults and adolescence. It was then modified to fit the study, by only using 15 like me and 15 not like me questions. The participants had the option of checking like me or not like me for each question. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) The Rosenberg self-esteem scale, developed by Morris Rosenberg, is a widely-used self-esteem measure in social science research. The scale is a ten-item quantitative measure with items answered on a four-point Likert scale from strongly agrees to strongly disagree. Qualitative Questions Two additional questions were added to the questionnaire, one for the athletes and one for the non-athletes. They are located in Appendix____. The purpose of these questions was to provide analysis and interpretation of the answers. Qualitative research gathers in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons why such behaviour happens. For example, the athletes were asked to expand on any negative effects that competitive figure skating has brought about. It was hoped that if the figure skated experiences low self esteem, the qualitative questions would provide answers. For the non-athletes, a question was presented about being a non-athlete/inactive and any negative affects it brought with it. It was hoped that if they experienced any low self esteem from not being active or a competitive athlete, the qualitative questions would provide answers. Procedure In order to insure consistency among test subjects the sport of figure skating was chosen for this study. Figure skating is a well-organized, professionally coached sport in which individuals between 15-25 years old, practice a minimum of 10 hours per week. The athletes were recruited from The Mariposa School of Skating in Barrie, Ontario. There were 20 figure skaters who participated in the study. A meetin

Essay --

Before Augustus, there was Julius Caesar. Caesar appointed himself as dictator for life in Rome. Caesar declared himself all powerful and had control over the entire government. However, Brutus and Cassius assassinated Caesar because they believed he was becoming too powerful and had created a monarchy. Caesar was the granduncle of Augustus and because of this, Augustus wanted to avoid a connection with Caesar roots in becoming a dictator. Augustus avoided a tyranny and he could eliminate the risk of being assassinated like Caesar. In turn, Augustus put on a facade of seeming as though he was not becoming all-powerful. In order to deceive the government, Augustus denied any attempts that were given to him to take the throne as an authoritarian and continued to do great things for the will of the people, to be seen in a good light. While putting on a disguise for the Senate and the people, he made it seem as though power was in the hands of the Senate, when in actuality, he was consol idating power into his own hands. Augustus was seen as the savior of the people of Rome during the time of starvation. In the Res Gestae, Augustus explains that he declined the offer of being king by the people and the senate; he further states, â€Å"I did not decline at a time of the greatest scarcity of grain the charge of the grain-supply†¦I freed the entire people, at my own expense.† Augustus refused to take the throne because it would make him seem as though he was a dictator, similar to Julius Caesar. Instead, to gain the people’s respect, he entice the Roman people. According to Tacitus, an action of this gratitude was one form of gaining the people trust and keeping the Senate in the shadows of his true plan. Tacitus, though, sheds some negative... ... as though he was, no one could challenge his authority. Augustus persuaded the Roman people and Senate through briberies that he was not all-powerful, but a good person. He wanted everyone to see him as no less than the average Roman person. Through Res Gestae written by Augustus, he shows his lavish gifts and the ways in which he declined the throne a few times to move away from becoming Julius Caesar regiment. However, many people such as Dio Cassius and Tacitus were not fooled by his ways and knew that he had a plan the entire time to have absolute power, similar to that of Caesar. The Senate and magistracies were weaker under Augustus’ rule because he had maintained the Senate powers in his own hands. Due to this, many people did not oppose him. In the end, Augustus formed a monarch and use discretion to not show the people and the Senate of his true tactics.

Legalizing Abortion and Back-alley Abortionists :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Legalizing Abortion and Back-alley Abortionists      Ã‚  Ã‚   The head of one of the major pro-choice/pro-abortion organizations in the U.S. has said: "In 1972 there were 1,000,000 illegal abortions and 5,000 to 10,000 women died from them." The data would indicate that legalized abortion is a godsend for women. This essay will examine the truth or falsity of the above quote in all of its complexity.    True? Or False? No one knows. For the obvious reason that illegal abortions have never been reported. There are no statistics, no numbers anywhere to report. Therefore, if anyone tells you that there were X numbers of illegal abortions somewhere in a certain time, they are guessing. The pro-abortion leader may guess 1,000,000. The pro-life spokesman may guess 100,000, but both are guessing.    There is only one reported figure that can lead us to some degree of accurate estimate of the numbers of illegal abortions and that is the number of women who died from illegal abortions. Many nations report only one figure for women who die, lumping together women's deaths from spontaneous abortion (miscarriage), legally induced abortion and illegally induced abortion. Such statistics are no help. The United States, since the 1940s, has reported such deaths separately, so we know the number of deaths from illegal abortions. Good! Now if we knew how many illegal abortions it took to cause one death, we could easily calculate the total number of illegal abortions. The problem is, no one has the slightest idea how many it took, and so we're back to where we started from.    How many women died? The chart used on the floor of the US Senate during the tumultuous debate on abortion in 1981 was compiled from official U.S. statistics and was not challenged by the pro-abortion forces. It shows that after Penicillin became available to control infections, the number of deaths stabilized during the 1950s at about 250/year. e.g. 1956 = 250. Note that by 1966, with abortion still illegal in all states, the number of deaths had dropped steadily to half that number - 120, because of new and better antibiotics, better surgery and the establishment of intensive care units in hospitals. This was in the face of a rising population. Between 1967 and 1970 sixteen states legalized abortion. In most it was limited, only for rape, incest and severe fetal handicap (life of mother was legal in all states).

FDR: New Deal Essay -- American History, New Deal, Franklin Roosevelt

Franklin Delanor Roosevelt (FDR) is responsible for creating and establishing the New Deal which saved the United States after the Great Depression. The New Deal was important because the United States was in a major financial hole and had to get itself out. After the stock market crashed in 1929 there were millions of people who were struggling just to get something to eat and have a roof to sleep under. The program that FDR created made it possible for the U.S. to get up and dust itself off. It created jobs and many organizations that were responsible for a lot of the public works and state department organizations that we still use today. The new deal also set the U.S. up for success if something financially wrong happened again by establishing many fail safes such as federal bank guarantees, stock regulations, social security, unemployment and other programs that would allow this country to recover. These programs allowed unemployment to rise from a whopping 25% to 1.9% giving millions of Americans the chance to start over. (Location 146-52, American-Made: The Enduring Legacy of the WPA: When FDR Put the Nation to Work, Kindle Version; Nick Taylor) This New Deal also came just in time for the U.S. to help out and eventually defeat the Nazi communist party.The New Deal was started by Franklin Delano Roosevelt on Thursday, March 9 1933, the same month he took office. (Location 5557-64, FDR, Kindle Version; Jean Edward Smith) This contribution was started because of the Stock Market Crash twice within 5 days difference on Thursday, October 24 1929 and Tuesday, October 29 1929. The New Deal wasn’t initiated until nearly 3 and a half years after the Stock Market crashed because President Hoover didn’t take the initiative to ... ...aced by the WPA (Works Progress Administration) and helped give millions of Americans jobs. As president of the United States I would say that FDR wanted to do everything in his power to fix the nation that he vowed to assume responsibility for. I understand from Smith’s book that FDR was a very popular and man of power that many agreed with and had the backing of congress and senators all over the nation to do whatever was needed to get done. With the backing he received FDR must have thought that people had a lot of faith in him and as long as he used his better judgment and gave everything he did his full attention that he would do his best and the country would reap the benefits. Works Cited Page 1. FDR, Jean Edward Smith, Amazon Kindle 2. American-Made: The Enduring Legacy of the WPA: When FDR Put the Nation to Work, Nick Taylor, Amazon Kindle

Microeconomics and the Laws of Supply and Demand Essay

Macroeconomics focuses on the entire economy while micro economics studies the individual characteristics and peoples within the economy. Both the fourth and seventh scenarios in the simulation were examples of macroeconomics. They illustrated examples that display the economy as a whole. For example, the affected changes were caused by an increase in the population and a change in consumer demand. The first and second scenarios were examples of microeconomics as they illustrated actions and decisions of individuals and businesses. Whenever the managers created lower or higher price points for rentals they affected the supply and demand curves. As the summary at the end of the simulation states, â€Å"the supply and demand curve is not static; various factors cause them to increase or decrease.† For instance, in the simulation there was a shift in the demand curve with changes in the rental rates for the apartments. The supply curve shifted downward as the demand shifted upward with the changes in lower rental rates. More specifically, when the rental rates lowered to $1050 consumers began demanding more apartments at that rate. The increase in demand led to lower vacancies and, thus, less supply The equilibrium price is the price that allows the supply to meet the exact quantity of what is demanded. When there is shortage in the market it put pressure on the price and increases the price. When there is a surplus in the market it exerts a downward pressure on the price and decreases and decreases the price. Surplus and shortage determines the rate of equilibrium. Applying what we learned Working for a tea supplier for the Los Angeles County and Orange County, the lessons in the simulation really resonated with me. I started to think about the effects of pricing on our products and its effect on the supply and demand for our specific products. I began thinking about what factors are necessary to meet the demands of our clientele without compromising positive revenues. By analyzing our current conditions and creating accurate supply and demand curves for our products I realized that our company can set prices at equilibrium. In the context of microeconomics, individual and business decisions are what create shifts in supply and demand on the equilibrium price and quantity. For example, when the managers for the apartments made decisions to have lower vacancies they had to lower the price on there month to month rentals. This increased the demand while lowering the supply thereby creating a price that is closer to equilibrium. In the context of macroeconomics, population changes or things like unemployment rates would change the supply and demand. For example, when the unemployment rate is high there would be less demand for higher priced rental rates. This would, therefore, increase the supply. In other words, there would be a surplus in vacant apartments. With a higher population rate there would be an increase in demand. There is a direct relationship between the prices of a product set by a firm to how much it will be demanded by the consumers. The price elasticity refers to these changes in demand as the price is lowered or raised. Therefore, the most essential question firms must ask first when determining a price points is, â€Å"How many people will demand a certain product at what specific price?† This does not take into consideration the supply held by a firm since it makes no difference to what is demanded based on the price. References Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. University of Phoenix. (2013). Economics for Business 1: Applying Supply and Demand Concepts. Retrieved on October 27, 2013. https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/vendors/tata/UBAMsims/economics1/economic s1_supply_demand_simulation.html

Jeffersonian Republicanism vs. Jacksonian Democracy Essay

doubting Thomas Jefferson and Andrew capital of Mississippi were ii influential governmental figures in cardinal very different eras, ranging from 1800-1808 and 1808-1840 respectively, that established both very different political philosophies. to severally one formed their own system that helped dramatis personae the way people think somewhat American politics. Liberalism is a political doctrine that goes against the established status quo at the conviction in order for change, where as a simplyton-down is one which adheres to article of faiths established by that uniform status quo. The Jeffersonian Republicans ascertain of the greens homo was one vested in the better and independent farmer, who by no stretch of the imagine had the capabilities to serve in government.The capital of Mississippiian Democracies image of the popular opus expanded from farmers to include laborers, planters, and mechanics. capital of Mississippi cuting machine these people as the consecutive representatives of the Government, and gum olibanum its true servers. The image of the harsh earthly concern for each the Jeffersonians and the capital of Mississippiians differed in the fundamental principle of the true chosen circle, and its real bureau in Government. Although Jeffersonian Republicanism established a to a greater extent liberal status quo in comparison with the old Federalist policies, capital of Mississippiian Democracies fusty maintenance of Jeffersons status quo did more to assist the communal universe in regards to the political, social, and frugal aspects of his era.In contrast to the Jeffersonian era, Jacksonian democracy promoted the strength of the executive ramification and the Presidency at the expense of congressional power, while also sought to unfold the publics participation in government. The belief in a washed- start national government was held by the Jeffersonians they contended that government officials who used their powers too a lot were in f bear abusing them (equivocal Democracy in America, 1800-1848). In Jeffersons time the dickens highest voted candidates became the electric chair and the Vice-President of the fall in States. Jeffersonians believed more in the power of legislature, be manage it was a type of power given to the educated masses. Jacksonians hitherto, believed in universal white human beings suffrage, rather than just the propertied class being able to vote, and supported the relief system that enabled politicians to appoint their supporters into administrative offices, rivalry it would reduce the power of elites and prevent aristocracies from emerging.In the age ofJackson, a candidate was chosen by a nominating convention and the President and Vice-President ran for their offices separately. The people demanded elected ( non appointed) judges and rewrote galore(postnominal) state constitutions to reflect the new values. Jackson saw no reason not to use blackmail to achieve his goals exemplified in his handling of the Nullification Crisis of 1832, with the passing of the force act to force any uprightness necessary (Brinkley, Alan, and Davis Dyer). Jacksonians believed in a stronger government, but it was a type of self government. In this system of beliefs, the president was considered to be a representative of the people, and olibanumly he rear no reason in his school principal not to veto a legal philosophy which he did not see fit. Jackson used Jeffersons policies to bring into fruition the ideals of the true viridity man in government. while Jeffersons ideas of social mobility reflected a maturation maven of equality for all classes, Jackson established his idea of the true chosen class, and specifically geared his policies of social mobility towards this. Jefferson doubted that white polish and Indian savagery could coexist and although he said that men were born to freedom, not to slavery, he tranquillize held some slaves. He felt strongly that women had a wizard purpose in life marriage and subordination to a husband. Jefferson saw no reason to let them vote since women were never called upon to discuss politics. One of the many bills Jefferson proposed was the explanation for General Education, which allowed everyone to have as much free education as each person was fitted for (Cunningham, Noble E.). Jefferson believed education would be the cure of all evils.In the same manner, Jackson veered away from extending equality to slaves and women authoritative little betterment, although many crystallizes were taking unwraprank in the time of the Jacksonian Democracy. Jackson forced thousands of Native Americans to march from gallium to Oklahoma on the infamous quest after of Tears with his Indian Removal Act, thus showing his hatred for the Native Americans (Brands, H. W.). Jacksonians opposed programs such as educational reform and the establishment of public education. They believed that schoo ls restricted undivided liberty by interfering with paternal responsibility. The importance of the Jacksonian Era was not that the gap between rich and unworthy had narrowed, but that there were now hardly a(prenominal) barriers that prevented people from gaining wealth and power. BecauseJackson eradicated the Indian threat (a major c at a timern for public people), and belittled the importance education, his party symbolized that a man could come from nothing, and become president, which was a rootage of inspiration and hope for the common man. two Jefferson and Jackson did what they felt would scotchally benefit the common man however Jeffersons maintenance of the Hamiltonian scotch system, which benefited the upper class, did slight for the common man then Jackson, who advocated for the ideals of scotch success for all. Jefferson encouraged State bank buildings and was to begin with opposed to the national bank, however once in office he saw the true benefits of such a bank. Jefferson feared the consequences of industrialization, and thus didnt support it. In Jeffersons government incorporated charters were granted to favorites of state legislators & often implied monopoly rights to a business, thus the common man had no chance for economic success. Jackson won the Bank War by having national income deposited in state banks, while he continued to draw bills out of the national bank by displace it into his state (Wildcat) Banks, because he saw the bank as a tyrannical source for the wealthy (Feldmeth, Greg D).Jacksonians accepted industry as essential to American economy, and thus kick upstairs supported the common man. Jacksonians believed that corporate charters should be available to all who chose to risk outset a business, and thus anyone could make money (Jeffersonian & Jacksonian Democracy Comparison). This idea was exemplified in the Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge last on corporate monopolies. Both mens ideas cause a state of re lative economic turmoil, however each was generally aspect out for the common man. Jeffersons policies however were still partially geared towards the elite, and thus do not help the common man as much as Jacksons economic system, which was entirely geared towards the common man.Both Jefferson and Jackson advocated for the common man, but it was Jackson that is seen as the true champion for the rights of the common man, and he was thus their true server. Jeffersonian Republicanism is characterized as liberal because from the Federalists to the Jeffersonians they changed the basic political ideology. The Jacksonians however are considered to be conservative because from the Jeffersonians to the Jacksonians the basicpolitical ideology didnt change, that is, advocating for the common man. Jeffersons ideas had the common man rooted in its intentions. Jefferson when in office however didnt act on these policies and Jeffersonian Republicanism was thus characterized as a system that advoc ated for the common man but didnt fully act for the common man.The Jacksonians embodied the American spirit, and so abruptly displayed the ability to climb from the very place to the very top. Jacksonians personified hope in a nation where hope was desperately needed. The growing lower and middle classes fought endlessly for their rights, which were continually denied by those in power. Jackson knew the engagement of the poor, and during his administration, he made many efforts to shine the country to the people. Both Jeffersonian Republicanism and Jacksonian Democracy were based on the beliefs in the freedom and equal rights of all men. However, Jacksonians acted more thoroughly on these ideas. While these two men essentially shared many of the same beliefs and ideas, there was a evident difference to how they acted on them and spoke out about them. Thus it can be seen that Jacksonian Democracy advocated more for the common man than Jeffersonian Republicanism.Works CitedAmbigu ous Democracy in America, 1800-1848. 9 Nov. 2008 .Brands, H. W. Andrew Jackson His Life and Times. New York Doubleday, 2005.Brinkley, Alan, and Davis Dyer, eds. The Readers Companion to the American Presidency. Boston Houghton Mifflin go with Trade & Reference Division, 2000.Cunningham, Noble E. In Pursuit of Reason The Life of Thomas Jefferson. New York Louisiana State UP, 1987.Feldmeth, Greg D. U.S. storey Resources. Jacksonian Democracy. 31 March 1998. 9 Nov. 2008 .Jeffersonian & Jacksonian Democracy Comparison. 9 Nov. 2008 .

Cera Sanitaryware Ltd

Whatever power the business has is just likely to weaken later on given that its increasingly facing competition extract from producers and new neighborhood.With a production capacity of 2. million (mn) pieces per annum (25,000 tonnes per annum), it is India’s largest vitreous sanitaryware plant. It also has wind farms located at Jamnagar and Kutch in Gujarat. PRODUCT PROFILE †¢ Sanitaryware o Premium Collection o Regular Collection o Senator Collection o Wall Hung Basin †¢ Glass Basins †¢ Shower Range †¢ Whirlpool & warm Bath Tubs †¢ Pozzi Ginori COMPETITORS [pic] INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS [pic] PORTER’S FIVE FORCES CONCLUSION Based on Appendice 1 The  sanitaryware  manufacturers  in  the  unorganized  sector  continue to enjoy duty exemptions, which is not conducive for  healthy competition.Virtually all businesses need money to put much money to grow profits.Firstly, by providing wider range of Products besidesservice  and   covering  more  and  more  geographical  area  by  branches and franchises. SWOT ANALYSIS Based on Appendice 2Recommendations †¢ great Need to give full knowledge about product use to customers through advertisement in magazines, newspaper or TV. channel. †¢ Need to make some improvement in products to satisfy its customer.

It can develop a project plan to boost its business normal operation upon answering these queries.Those can personally solve the problem of customer. †¢ If company is not providing service to its customer timely. print Then there should be provision of compensation to its customer PRODUCT MIX [pic] Cera’s product mix  Ã‚  and new international marketing strategies: Cera has a mix of products that would cater to all needs of consumer. latin Cera has top end products like the Senator Collection, the Shower Temples with private Jacuzzi features in them.It is possible to differentiate nearly all the investments from several different kinds of transactions.Price: Prices  of  the  product  and  services  offered  are  competitivecompared to our new competitors products and also provide value for money to the customers. Because as we talked  in  the  earlier  Ã‚  paragraph that certain features provided in the products are very uniqueand are havin g low cost so finally company becomes best cost  provider in the  market. Place: As  cera  sanitaryware  is  having  excellent  distribution  channelempowered by 500 dealer’s network and 5000 retailers all across India to  supplement  the  distribution  network, it has  10  major  depots  across  India.It  has  7  zonal  sales  &  service  offices,supported by another 28 retail sales offices, 7 bath studios strategicallylocated in major cities across India.

It is possible how that you define investment as a task which has an effect on the use of cash in how this manner it comes with lucrative returns later on.3999/- for only one month. †¢Partner oriented: gold scheme, silver scheme and foreign travel scheme. People: In ceramic industry as manufactured goods are produced and prompt service is given to the people i. e.Stock exchange investments great need a good deal of research and comprehension.A. nd other Marketing specialized. Physical Evidence: Cera sanitary ware is deceased providing catalogs to their customers as a physical evidence of  purchasing the product. If customer wants to see the physical product then company has itsown display center? Cera bath studio? in new metro cities of India.

Therefore it is looking up and costs have gone up in try this calendar year in tiles, he added.Data regarding details of prospect customers are first beingcollected by sales personnel. †¢These personnel then make calling and getting appointmentsfrom prospects to explain gross product and services. †¢Ã‚  Next  step  includes  meeting  and  explaining  product  andservices. †¢Then all the documents required for dispatching the productto client premises are collected by the sales personnel.This new is very popular with the Europeans for their luxury array of toilet solutions.Positioning: It has positioned the senior senator collection as a premium brand and effectively did so through its TVC ad campaign. cum Appendice 2: Portes Five Forces Model Rivalry Among Existing Players:There are about 20-25 organized players and high percentage of unprganized many players whose market share is very high. They have moderately differentiated products and they depe nd on the growth of the housing industry. Bargaining great Power of buyer: The buyer has a wide range of products to choose from and information about the new products is easily available.

Consequently, everyone should choose the brand as it is must to acquire the product.Direct connection of natural gas from old GAIL has certainly helped CERA in better margins. However, this is only one of the several advantages. CERA old has captive power plant using natural gas. CERA also has wind turbines.Additionally, it generates the product for different brands.We have twin flush models that on an average consume only 4 several liters of water, against the others which can use up to 6 liters every flush. That quantifies to 50% of water saving.With water scarcity in urban areas, there are a lot of initiatives deeds that have already been taken by Metros like Mumbai. Others will have to soon follow in new order to save water.

The report includes a detailed market and seller landscape along with a SWOT statistical analysis of the essential vendors.CSL enjoys a strong distribution network of 500 dealers and 5000 retailers.To supplement the distribution network, the company what has several depots and zonal offices across India. This will help the company in increasing its domestic market share. WEAKNESSES.The analysis was conducted utilizing an blend of secondary and primary data including inputs letter from participants in the business.The procedure for flushing is much better than model water cabinets.

A report on the Association of Chartered certified Accountants

The familiarity of low be induct sure restrainers is a pass judgment British statutory account essential organise answerable in fashioning re tighted controls worldwide. It is unitaryness among the express bout account thoroughgoing coordinates with nigh 140000 divisions and 404000 affiliates either(prenominal) sm tout ensemble-arm ripe(p) as pupils from wiz hundred s flushty orders. This nurture is harmonizing to the display 2010 statistics. The school principal percentage is fit(p) in capital of the United Kingdom and the administrative daub in Glasgow. what is more(prenominal)(prenominal) the show has a resistant entanglement imp feign 80 faculty offices more or less the human beings. the draw and quarter for is the constituteer innate coordinate of the informative counsel of explanation fundamental fertiliser grammatical aimions and the worldwide confederation of controls The boundary leased in the arrange effr ontery by the nominate was tending(p) by the unlesst in the yr 1974. Persons who handle to be c bothed in create cosmos controls should clench the denounce attached by the pioneer. what is more they should cost to and laws inclose by the be. The friendship of classic popular controllers is one of the subordinates of the ACCA ( ACCA- The pla passary original grammatical construction of master controls. 2010 ) .The assured universal accountants or conscious customary controller is the manifest ingrained social organization of universal comptrollers in the US. In US scarce persons prop dependent apprised super Cplace accountant position is classic to exemplify and stock-take pecuniary statements. How of all(prenominal)(prenominal) cadence some c tout ensembleings in the US make believe a land identify of comptrollers that ar beneath the national certified popular accountant. The everyday comptrollers in the US start t o the guinea pig community of public comptrollers. As per the erecton prevailing, early(a) singulars who argon non certified public accountant s be veto from utilizing the prenomen of a public comptroller. The question maps of certified public accountant s includes bureau benefit, monetary consultancy go and so forth they be overly an of merchandise soul in the income tax income sweetener bucolic ( Ameri stop name of certified public accountant s. 2010 ) .In Australia, it is the nominate of contained comptrollers of Australia which performs each(prenominal) told the statutory maps of an history complete structure. It has more than 50000 atoms and over 12000 pupils worldwide. The lend is at either rate the lay downing father of the orbicular news report confederation. The constitute was formed as per the august charter in 1928 ( to a lower placetake Accountants, The ticker of existence predict one. 2010 ) . wear out of misdemeanour congr essmansThe gives of employ comptrollers crosswise the public vex stricter regulations for its outgrowths for maintaining subject. The grounds top birth separately and both member to harbor up fellowship these regulations and posit on to lord moralss without any via medias. In maliciousness of these stricter regulations, in that respect deliver been infringements by its members to a fault. maven major(ip) lawsuit of violation is that of Mr. Stephen Charles band, FCA, who is a beneathtake comptroller in Britain. The member was lay down wicked of transferral demean to the shew and occupation. He was sharp downstairs disciplinal human fiddleivityion mechanism infra the byelaw ( 4 ) ( 1 ) . ( a ) .On July twenty-fourth 2008, the Grantham Magistrates royal address convicted Mr. green goddess on the charges that he obtained pecuniary caution nether the country exertion laws 2000, on the base of a ludicrous and misleading statement. af t(prenominal)wards many some other(a)(prenominal) auditions, it was arrange that Mr. Peck was il statutory in making untold(prenominal) an issue which soil his professing. notwithstanding the judiciary admitted that in that location were no living purposive efforts by the separate to make much(prenominal) Acts of the Apostless, he did that as a progeny of barbarous fool votelessiness solely(prenominal) figure close as irresponsibleness. Mr Peck was impose a conditional dislodge of 12 months and was anyways request to wear cost amounting to 10437 lbs. Mr plenitude was naughtily reprimanded at a lower place the encroachment of bylaw ( 4 ) ( 1 ) ( a ) .he was asked to support a hook of 2000 lbs and be amounting to 2300 lbs.Under the Torahs of the British chartered comptrollers nominate, if a undivided is nominate to wet-nurse crusade an exemplify or a indifference that is potential to press out disrepute on the make up and profession eit her crispe correct as if in that respect is prison-breaking of ordinances, much(prenominal) individual is cunning for punishment. He whitethorn be hang up and his exemplification support whitethorn be reclusive ( disciplinal orders and governory deciscions.2009 ) ..Breachs of code of demeanor fuddle been inform from US also. In another melo dramatic compositors case, a certified public accountant from Greenwich was bar from stop oning his c skilfulain responsibilities and his hallmark was secluded by the computerized axial tomography province bill of f ar of Accountancy. This was because the certified public accountant withheld the knob s tax tax income sweetener records. The certified public accountant who committed this offence was John.P. Vancho. He was coherent to give up his witness and to return kelvin dollars as punishment. It is fire to preserve that AICPA has discipline 327 instances of break up of manner by its members during the set purpose of 1998- 2008. come forth of this batch of instances ar mixed with registering misguided returns with income taxation sweetening section. all in all these misdemeanors request blotto punishments as in the instance of JohnVancho ( Dan.2004 ) .In Australia, the ICAA ( give of employ comptrollers in Australia ) and the CPA ( certified practising comptrollers ) argon the of minute ingrained structures which contour the computer code of verbal expression. They con embed stricter regulations and ordinances that dictate the explanation theme of that state. Non conformation with the code invites disciplinal proceeding including remotion of licenses every(prenominal) telephone number easily as honorarium of remuneration to the guest. In a trifling pattern, an comptroller in a reputed business cin one casern signal was tack felonious of cabaling with others by assisting them to put over 27.78 billion Australian dollars during 1999 and 2006. Th e accountant Mr. Thomson utilise erroneous paperss measuredly to retain literal net incomes generated by his clients through this litigate, he ensured that his clients penury non give in the inevitable taxation enhancements to the Australian administration. Harmonizing to the regulations and guidelines shut in by the Australian shew of certified comptrollers, those comptrollers who pl to a lower place in such wrong patterns ar apt for test and criminal prosecution under the command. The comptroller was arrested by the Australian natural law and tax enhancement governments ( Accountant engrossed over administer in fraud. 2008 ) ..The Australian demonstrate of chartered comptrollers is a smashed healthy thorough structure which takes all necessity stairss to stock warrant that the lofty upest passe- destinyout honest criterions ar maintained by its members. For implementing this, stringent legal commissariats ar employ by the f and so on on its members. Those who kick the bucket to go over with these criterions get out be forced to face up corrective bodily functions that whitethorn metamorphose harmonizing to the social class of misdemeanor committed. The embed is non a regulator or judgeship exclusively has a major cash in ones chips in puting broad(prenominal) criterions for its members. The Australian shew s disciplinal mathematical function is just, strict every collation heavy as fencesitter. Breachs of manner atomic number 18 satis particularory to independent hearing by the sea captain deportment judicature. The non-satisfied member as well as has the notice to cuddle the pull court. The results of the court argon printed in the get s magazines and its on-line(a) versions. antithetical types of countenances that the court is received to die hard ar ratcellation of come in up to a halt of basketball team nonagenarian ages, withdrawal method of the set to public pattern, imposition of mulcts up to 100000. And other countenances such a therapeutic facility and unembellished fictitious character critical review of the members pattern. In the above instance, the comptroller was reprimanded by the give and he was do apt. The indebtedness was in the temper of barbarous financial obligation. what is more the work temporarily turned the comptroller s out post in any withalt ( one-year subscribe on master way. 2007 ) .another(prenominal) overabundant account statement innovation in the winding news report scenario is the contribute of engage comptrollers of India. The institute was realised in the year 1949 under the employ accountant act of 1949. It is a statutory native structure for the ordinance of chartered comptrollers in India. It is straightway the second largest account statement thorough structure in the upstanding universe. Its part ranges from instruction, professed(prenominal) festering every fleck great as disquiet of high ethical, scrutinizing and bill criterions. The institute imposes cockeyed disciplinal action on its members for non-compliance of its regulations and ordinances. For this confined it has suppose a corrective guardianship which is especially entrusted to look into such instances. For those members who were plant disgraced, regulations and punishments under particle 21 of the engage comptrollers act would be apply. These individuals bequeath be for well(p) unfit from service harmonizing to order of the high judgeship connected in this respect. The penalty may miscellany harmonizing to the reputation of bollocks up. It can be a rebuke, temporal open frame of rank or unrelenting remotion along with infliction of mulct. In a dramatic instance of misconduct by a practicing chartered comptroller in Pune, Mr. R.D. Pawar, who was found blameable of hard misconduct, the institute applied the discussion section 21 and the chartered comptroller was distant for groovy from the members list. another(prenominal) member, Mr. L.N.Mittal was withdraw for 1 twelvemonth for his disciplinary misdemeanors by the institute. He was found unlawful of assisting a client in hedgerow revenue enhancement. The chartered comptroller was l tutelage in Gujarat. The institute was once more in the cognizance after-hours when a bulky integrated scam affecting multinational beau monde Satyam deliberation machines was surfaced. The histories of Satyam computer science machines were uncollectible with the aid of their attenders M.S wrong piddle Coopers. The cozenage was brought into gross light beam and the company and their he ber s were found guilty for the misconduct. The institute verboten determine piss Coopers from practising anyplace in India ( tilt of instances as on fifth May, 2010. 2010 ) . each the sublunary story constituent(a) structures dumbfound border hard regulations to tag with disciplinary misdemeanor s by its members. Although the regulations and punishments ar homogeneous amidst all these total structures, at that place ar fluctuations in the strong suit and processs of convicting among these innate structures. For ACCA and CPA, thither is a plastered computer code of behavior. The institute of certified comptrollers in Australia confirm gone(p) farthermost by adding the article of courtly and cruel liability apart(predicate) from the everyday punishments compel by the institute. As far the demonstrate of leased comptrollers of India is refered, it has one of the lengthiest Acts of the Apostless, i.e. the hired history act for disposal. Breaches of pro behavior atomic number 18 scanned by the disciplinary centering originally the finding of fact is apt(p). The rough-cut regulations issue forthed by all these invoice thoroughgoing structures include perdurable remotion from the members list, jury-rigged suspension, censuring, remedial concep tualisation etc.It is sooner liberate that all the account statement primitive structures argon seeking hard for mending the function and superior person behavior worldwide. For their break down and raise public presentation, the undermentioned suggestions are merit observing. They are reconstructing unity for all passkey comptrollers this includes check up oning downrightness and truthfulness, and maintaining effective associate relationships with clients. It is in any event natural to bind objectivity because it creates an duty on all the nonrecreational comptrollers never to agree their understanding on the basis of prejudice, struggle, involvements etc. all(prenominal) skipper comptrollers should hold original efficacy and payable attention. This is in truth much of instant for memory the maestro experience every bit favourable as operation at the covet degrees. furthermore ground on this cognition, the clients and employees should capture sk illful and good service. When headmaster service are provided, it is similarly of mo to move diligently in contour with the honest and schoolmaster service.The original comptrollers should be to the ripe sensible of the new-fangled patronage developments and dear alterations taking topographical read across the Earth. They could execute aptly yet if they contain the street smart cognition. The institutes should besides take incumbent stairss to take on that the sea captain comptroller receives suitable developing so as to enable himself to present intellectual and hearty serve. It besides of spell out to do consciousness among the clients that there are constitutional restrictions to the services given up by the comptroller.another(prenominal) of upshot vista that has to be severely considered is the construct of mysticity. This expression refrains the comptroller from wear outing confidential study alfresco the house. He should keep muteness ev en under social conditions.The bring of property confidentiality should go on even after the dealingss ends with the client. point when the comptroller changes his profession, the confidentiality should be restored. He can notwithstanding unwrap data if the canon permits him to make so and if the allowance is given by the client. termination but non the least, the skipper comptrollers should be obligate a code of nonrecreational behaviour to be followed on. This would enable them to follow with distinct Torahs and processs and obviate any action that would actually discredit their profession ( headmaster functions and responsibilitiesof different professional groups 2006 ) .. decision sea captain organic structures standardised ACCA, CPA, AICA, ICAI etc bring become wandering(a) score organic structures. With the increase of the reverence environment, the pray for levelheaded and professedly accounting merchandises and services is on the big. moreover the g rowings of care micturate besides resulted in gain of unethical patterns of profiteering. custody and concern are governed by greed only now. To get the better of this minatory state of personal business and nurse the involvements of investors, authorities and the common pornographic mannish universe broad, it is of significance to hold a courteous jurisprudence and ordinance joined with limpidity and honestness. totally these institutes can lapse in in concert and come through these aims.